The guess-and-correct cycle undermines the benefits of comparison opportunities.
Unsupervised exposures that are superficially similar to exposures encountered under supervision faciliate conceptual development.
Active learning facilitates refinement of relational category representations.
Comparison opportunities counter the deleterious effects of performance pressure on learning and transfer.
Comparison facilitates relational category learning -- however, only within the passive observational learning mode and not the active classification learning mode.